Turbocharger, Turbochargers, Turbo charger, Turbo Kits, Auto, Car

“The turbo is a turbine driven by exhaust gas that compresses air and injects it under pressure into the engine. The compressor is a mechanical self often driven by a chain to the same function, compress and inject Air. “

First, it must differentiate between a turbo and a compressor :
• Compressor: it is driven by the engine (belt) and provides compressed air to the engine. Its yield is higher in the early rounds since turning at the same time as the engine.
• Turbo: it is driven by exhaust gazs and provides compressed air to the engine.

So there are two modes of supercharging an engine. The turbo ( turbo ) and the compressor . Basically, the turbo is a turbine driven by exhaust gas that compresses air and injects it under pressure into the engine.
The compressor (which stands for the supercharger) is an independent body mechanics often driven by a chain to the same function, compress and inject air.Not related to the volume of exhaust gases, it is not related to a scheme to trigger. By cons, there is less “profitable” than the turbo because its operation is energy intensive, thus, power.

The purpose of the compressor:

increase and optimize the filling mixture into the cylinders to improve engine performance; plain more energy to “squeeze” on the pistons.

The purpose of the turbocharger:

it’s the same goal but without the response time for trained directly by the crankshaft.

Operation Turbo:

1) admission of exhaust gas
2) exhaust
3) turbine driven by exhaust gases
4) turbine air compression
5) admission of air from the collector
6) sends compressed air to the cylinders
7) Waste gate valve relief to set the air pressure to be injected.

The turbocharger compresses the air outside and injected at high pressure into the engine. As can be seen from the diagram the two turbines running in parallel on the same axis. The top such a turbine is driven by exhaust gases, it prints to his counterpart a similar movement of up to 150,000 rev / min for pressures above 1 bar, thus allowing the compression of air and gavage cylinder.

To enable this speed requires a minimum amount of exhaust gas. Therefore below a certain rpm (2500 rpm on average) the engine is “hollow”. The pressure is adjustable through a pressure relief valve or waste gate. It is run on modern engines by the electronic injection, is therefore within the EPROM that the value is fixed. Once the air pressure becomes greater than or equal to that desired, the valve opens towards the exhaust pipe (to prevent overpressure) and sends a signal to the injection which releases the Turbo to the mixture.

Pros:

The qualities of the turbocharged engine are numerous but the most telling is the return. The engines produce atmospheric type, usually at around 150 horses for two liters. For litrage equivalent, a turbo engine can develop 200 horsepower and even beyond (fiat coupe T20: 2-liter 220 horsepower). The couple also exploded by offering a range of high use, the times and blazing become mere formalities overruns.

Cons:

The downside is as abundant as the pleasure that such a system. Indeed, a major power for modest cubages generates reliability problems, maintenance must therefore be careful. A warming up should always precede the use of the vehicle. Finally, before turning off the ignition the driver must wait for a few seconds at idle. The question is this, the oil pump for lubrication of the axis of rotation is controlled by the engine so a crash in the towers would damage the turbine

“The process of creating a vehicle for the manufacturers previous marketing model.”

At this moment (- 2.5 years) a project manager is appointed, he will coordinate the work of different expert speakers, who will work in parallel on different parts of the vehicle (engine, transmission, chassis, body …), and permanent dialogue with the leaders of Design and Methods.

Of course, all specialists are also involved for each new vehicle – some models, for example, recycle engine or chassis architecture without modifying existing. But in all cases, the study of a new vehicle is a complex project which requires parallel action and coordinated a multitude of actors – often leading to several projects at once. Three main stages of gestation of a project: technical specifications , design and testing.

1. “THE TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS”

A vehicle is a complex system composed of a multitude of separate and interactive, which must work and move together, each with its own constraints. From information on the “product to achieve” seen by the client (vehicle and organs), the Engineering Department performs a transposition into technical specifications. It defines the elements to study, develop, or reuse. All the technical definition is the technical specifications is also offered with specifications of functional benefits .

The development of technical specifications, performance requirements, translating into practical solutions and figures, is a work of long and careful adjustment, led for about 1.5 years, in liaison with the Product, and Methods those purchases.

2. “DESIGN”

The various functions specialized studies share the design of various vehicle components: design of parts, materials specifications, blueprints … These tasks represent a significant work not only in terms of design (drawings and calculations), but also document management.

2.1. “The OIC”

CAD (Computer Aided Design), enabling integration through information technology, computing functions, design and documentation, replaced gradually since about 1980 the drawing boards in the offices of study.

The tools of computer graphics used to design mechanical parts directly to the screen, view the result of work in three dimensions, the calculations of structure, the estimated weight, volume and geometry of envelopes of automatically simulate the behavior of complex parts or assemblies (see how a gear), and then quickly optimize the design according to the objectives pursued. From this “modified three-dimensional” (creation of a virtual object in 3 dimensions), CAD can automatically obtain the dimensional drawings and schedules that will be used for manufacturing, program automatically NC who will perform the machining.

2.2. “The information management”

As and when it is created, the technical information is stored in a database: a reference tool common to all of the company, after exhaustive of all functions and subsets of each vehicle. This database is accessible in real time by all users.

3. “TESTING”

The tests that verify the field validity of the proposed technical solutions, permanently mark the lives of consultants.

3.1. “Mules”

The mules, as their name suggests, hybrid vehicles are used on roads and circuits for testing and developing the various parts (engine, transmission, steering, suspension …) before even a prototype.

For each model of vehicle, 3 or 4 mules running around and constantly to validate the technical solutions.

3.2. “Prototypes”

The prototypes are involved in the final phase of studies, “J – 15 months” about. After initial tests on mules , the technical specifications has been finalized, the design of parts was realized. It is too early to start mass production because it is necessary to submit the vehicle to the test of reality. For this purpose, manufactures prototypes : These vehicles, produced in only a few copies are made of the most representative way possible. They have all the features of the future model and tested in great secrecy: test drives up to 250 mph, wind tunnel testing, testing … aeroclimatic The security qualities “active” vehicles are tested in all situations, to the most extreme limits. These prototype tests to verify the full compliance of the vehicle with the objectives of the specification, and to make the latest technical developments, before the green light for mass production.

3.3. “The test beds”

Test beds to test the behavior and endurance bodies and chassis under extreme conditions of use. The mechanical parts are tested in schools of computer simulation, recreating the same conditions realistic driving. These means allow · reduction of 3 to 6 times the test time by simulating in 15 days to 6 to 8 months in the life of a vehicle, œ to save the expensive prototypes, œ to bring an optimal response to the objectives of the research department in terms of reliability.

4. “CONCLUSION”

Each vehicle receives the green light for mass production only after compliance with the specifications verified by testing, which should enable it to meet not only the French official approvals, but also to higher standards of other countries as well as targets with the Quality Department to locate the mark. According to the manufacturer RENAULT R & D magazine in January 2003, the development time has been halved between Megane (54 months) and Mégane II (29 months). For new car RENAULT MODUS, compact minivan platform which incorporates the NISSAN MICRA (which will also mark the new CLIO marketed in 2005), this period is 29 months.

The fast way to approach a simple chart, speed, stopping distance and stopping time as the adhesion

It must be remembered how humility and knowledge of vehicle dynamics is necessary for a good mastery of this tool.

Using the values of adhesion are particularly sensitive and the results depend of course.

So remember that this tool very useful daily basis must be handled with caution.

The stability of a vehicle depends on many complex factors. Making a stable vehicle is a matter of connecting the tire on the ground.Suspension systems and steering, wheel alignment, tires, angles train, the driver, road and weather, are predominant factors in stability. It is therefore necessary for the designer to associate all these factors and find the best compromise. Things get complicated when the psychological dynamic and kinematic laws melle them.

• Factors related to the vehicle.

• Suspension. It combines comfort and stability. These parameters are inversely proportional. The suspension is more comfortable the vehicle is less stable. It is a function of the moving masses.

• • Management. Its role whether aided or not, is not only to impose a front wheel steering angle line that controls the driver. In return, management must inform the driver to:
    The adhesion of the tires on the ground by its flexibility and hardness. This is the reaction torque.
    The position of the wheels depending on the steering wheel by the recall dynamics.

• • The wheel alignment. Its role is to prevent slippage of the tire on the ground to maximize adhesion. It is therefore necessary to provide for tilting the wheels that they may be parallel to the same axle steering.

• • The tires They link the vehicle to the ground and contribute to the suspension. The tires run the vehicle.Dynamic parameters, energetics and kinematics, are assembled on their surface in contact with the ground.They must have a regular wear and are essential factors in the behavior of a vehicle.

• • The angles of running gear, they result from the movement of steering, suspension, rotation. They were created to fulfill the requirements related to the factors we just listed. They must be studied in terms of the suspension, steering, alignment and tires and bodies in motion

• External factors.

• • The driver. It centralizes in his brain all the information it receives.
    The visual image of the road and its instruments.
    Auditory information (tones – flashing – screeching tires – etc.)
    Bodily sensations of acceleration or deceleration.
    The reactions of the steering wheel. Heading straight line must be maintained by the recall dynamics when no driver action on the steering wheel is involved. The sense of loss of adhesion must be received by the flexibility of sudden steering wheel.
    The reactions of the brake, accelerator.
    The use of different functions such as wipers, lights, lamps, defrost defog windows, heating air conditioning – etc. These reflexes have been acquired by learning to act on his orders he has. The possibilities of conduct vary from one individual to another.

• • The road plays a major role in the stability by:
    Are surface (Siding presence of solid materials, mobiles. Dandruff fluids or ice)
    Homogeneity. Focus for stability. The automaker must include the possibility of inhomogeneous roads with some adherence may differ between the left and right wheels of the vehicle.
    The geometry of the surface profile of the road (Convex – Devers – slope-curvature)
    The visual image is also involved in driving.

• • The weather wind hot water, cold are the enemy of stability by:
    The thermal stresses exerted on the tires (too hot and risk of bursting pressure change depending on the temperature expansion joints elastic)
    The adhesion of the tire on the ground (snow water ice hail)
    The wind (heading hold drift)

We saw in the paper all the factors necessary for good stability of our cars. Each factor is related to different stakeholders. The automaker must include in its design, the worst cases to improve safety. It’s in the emergency situation that the parameters are poorly designed significant factors in aggravation.

it is well known that sy experts and other professionals can provide lighting intressant for users for whom the mechanics do not show easily present its limits but that which does break rating dearly .. Turbo, this great sensitivity!

Since the generalization of the new generation of diesels Common Rail (Common rail, in English), better known by the acronyms HDi PSA Peugeot-Citron, Dci Renault-Nissan, Ford TDci, etc.., turbo sest democracies. So much so that the basic diesel (atmosphere, in automotive parlance) can not be counted on the fingers with one hand. But the turbo is still a sensitive organ: Mechanical Plutt. Dabord because of rgimes quil runs at least ten times faster than the engine. D or The importance of lubrication to critical empcher quil flu and does not overheat. spacings of drain current, every 30 000 km on average, seems too lifted in certain riding conditions suitable to allow longevity of that turbo. Motorists could bring demands for precaution in the garbage.

Moreover, no manufacturer lcrire nose, not his image dvaloriser face its competitors, But after a journey on the motorway speed stabilizes, we should, before cutting the ignition, leave the engine idling about thirty seconds to give time lhuile dissipate the heat accumulated. Above all, banish the Big Bang dacclrateur, inherited both of the last century, which napporte as nuisances. lentre Since current Euro IV emissions standards and the proliferation of particle filters on diesel (but very effective mechanism for binding lubricant), Dci Renault sees the motor power 130 horsepower and climbing priodicit dentretien from 30 15 000 km. This is not a coincidence! And the manufacturer, like its competitors, believes the systm gnraliser board diagnostics, which can modulate the tural drain by driving each driver. lentretien A step variable.

DTC battery

Professionals in front of fault codes that appear simple to disconnect the battery power.

The question asked was:

Is there a particular method that allows to disconnect the battery on a recent car without the risk of generating a fault code in a computer?

THE ANSWER:

It is given by another trader, universal formula on newer models.

“I apply a fairly universal method which so far suitable for many makes and models of vehicles.

Simply disconnect the battery before leaving on time (usually fifteen minutes) to the entire electronics of the vehicle is put to sleep.

No opening shall be solicited during this period.

This procedure must be repeated in the same way for the re-connecting the battery and at the time of starting the engine, allow 15 seconds contact voluntarily before ordering the starter. “

INVESTIGATIONS INTO THE CAUSES OF ACCIDENTS In 1983 the program had t cr REACT (Ragir SURVEY by severe accident and Initiatives for Remdier y). A new program to understand SURVEY Act (ECPA) has emerged since September 2004.

A this title, commissions denqutes, laid under the lautorit prfets, t have constituted and are composed of: a specialist in routire The infrastructure of a Physicians, a member of the forces of The fitted, a specialist in the ralisations Maid with users, an automotive expert who intended to seek lensemble causes of the accident. Lexpert car will give an opinion on the vehicle part in question, elaborated or cinmatique trajectories of the shock on the deformation of the vehicle ‘REPORTS. For this, supporting it on his experience of every day and his vision of vehicle ‘accidents.

Accident The understanding of his request for a study DIFFERENT Paramtres (vehicle part, infrastructure, traffic conditions, implementation of rescue ¡.) Request and investigative techniques of the methods well Dfine. At the close of lenqute, a report containing proposals shall be addressed to prfet concrete terms.

To avoid drowsiness and lack of vigilance driving, some tips are ncessaires, they are told by the security in the form of routire IDPD (it says) Day by Day: honoring his sleep needs an adult needs seven to eight hours of sleep per night.

But this is only an average because some people are short sleepers, lo else can not sit less than nine hours daffile.Pour Getting to know her sleep needs, just to note, during the deuxime week vacation, and what time we sendort What time we wake up spontanment matin.La the difference between the two is the hard Idale sleep. Medicinal products: Watch packaging Number of medicinal products can make somnolent.Leur package contains a pictogram specifiers (red triangle with a car lintrieur). Any driver who takes a medicinal product must be sure and not hesitating to ask all questions dealing with the Physicians. Food: good menu To drive the best of its capabilities, you must eat regularly but not ¡nimporte what!

To avoid: too much sugar products (chocolate bars, confectionery, pastries ¡) and the excess “fat of Contents (stews, fries, chips ¡). privilgier A: The seafood, low fat meats (chicken, turkey, rabbit ¡) fruits and vegetables. Battery low alert: Learning repre Decreases alertness and sleepiness result in signs that should prompt sarrter: raction slow, difficult to maintain a constant speed, coordination errors, inattention signage, difficult to maintain the trajectory of the vehicle (successive carts ), ball repetition, heaviness of eyelids and itchy eyes, dabsence Periods (episodes of micro sleep), increased self centrs called gestures: scratching his face, touching his chin, rubbing the nose ¡. Long hard journey: mandatory breaks during the day as dparts holiday, any long journey has to be punctuated by breaks: imperatively if one feels sleepy. Take a nap rparatrice fifteen twenty minutes. In the absence of evidence-cons, before taking two cafs sendormir. The Cafina nagit quau after thirty minutes. It nempche not Lendormi doc, but enhances the Awakening the APRS sieste.Frquentes and at least every two hours, according to Dr. Damien LEGER.Sarrter fifteen to thirty minutes dgourdir legs, stir and drink (water, fruit juice, cif th ¡).

In all cases, avoid driving more than six hours PERIOD twenty four hours and never get behind the wheel with a sleep debt.also avoid driving at night, especially between 2 am and 5 am and 13 pm between Journe and 15 h (schedule conducive Lendormi). Holidays: from fresh and Doing UNESCORecords nights in the week prcde.Dans possible, do not go a day on the APRS travail.Pour sapprtent drivers who drive at night so quil nen habit, have not, take a nap ( at least 1:30) before hitting the road

Transport Minister has decided a experience dclairage fire road day long. Paul FRERE sest a small tent that has value destimation exprience.

The deals vary, but it gives an idea of maddening sized impact on consumption and therefore Environmental improvements. The Minister of Transport has decided a experience dclairage fire road day long. Paul FRERE sest a small tent that has value destimation exprience. The deals vary, but it gives an idea of maddening sized impact on consumption and therefore Environmental improvements. The fleet consists of about 35 million Franais for vehicle traveling on an annual basis, all confused View Categories kilomtres.SI an average of 18000 GPs lon considers a proportion of 14000 kilometer grids driven by day INTERESTED in what we understand, because all fawn, lighthouses taient dj clear path for the night.

Highbeam two and four parking lights consume at least 120 watts or 0,120 kilowatts. If we consider an average speed of 60 GPs km / hour to browse 14,000 kilometer grids so they will have 14000 / 60 = 233 hours, during which 0120 (kw) * 233 (hours) = 27,960 kilowatts will be consumed by this single t lighting. Assuming that the average consumption specifiers lensemble mixed use of the fleet (petrol and diesel combined), is 300 grams of fuel per kw / hour, or 0.40 liters of fuel on the dune base density of 0.75, this gives us supplmentaire consumption of 27,960 (kw) * 0.40 = 11.184 liters (fuel) per year per vehicle part in consquence of lclairage daytime. This may seem for a single vehicle ‘but ramen fleet, this simple calculation gives us 11.20 * 35 000 000 = 392 000 000 liters of fuel. Yes, you read correctly, 392 million liters of fuel consumed and more consquence of this measure.

The values are given purely examples as there are variable but Paul FRERE estimates a range between 250 and 500 million liters of cereal surplus consumption, 250 million as a minimum. The security has a price, again, the best does not he want lennemi good. A MDIT. Yori SPACCAPELOExpert car.

Service client relationship builder Audi Audi Audi Service Customer Relationship France 11 avenue Boursonne BP 601 02601 Villers-Cotterts Cedex telephone: 0825087212 location map: View Larger Map If you visit this page, cest may be because you need to contact the customer relations department of the manufacturer to submit a problem that you meet with your voiture.Sachez it is not a Czech comfortable and that he is better to be accompanied by a professional to assist you in your dmarche.

Nhsitez not consulting an expert in our car CUSTOMER SERVICE by telephone, he can make a Premire analysis of your problem and will give good advice before engaging in such Out Procedures. Following contact tlphonique and if your case ncessite, you can request that your case be handled by an expert from our network, for that click on the link below: Request for support of my case by an expert Problem auto