10
Apr

The four-door limousine produced by Porsche, the Panamera, still sees its power increase with the arrival of a version Turbo S. As if the 500 hp Turbo “basic” was not enough, the German automaker adds a little more sauce, the power of the Turbo S peak at 550 hp and 750 Nm of torque! Under the hood, there is the awesome 4.8 liter V8 Turbo but with turbocharger turbines were replaced by elements of titanium-aluminum. The electronic management of the big V8 has also been reviewed.



The Panamera shock loads of a series Sport Chrono Package Turbowhich triggers an overboost which then pushes the torque to 800 Nm mode Sport and Sport Plus . And “up”, the German sprayed from 0 to 100 km / h in 3.8 seconds while top speed is around 300 km / h! Floor of 20-inch wheels in series, the Panamera Turbo S is satisfied, according to Porsche, 11.5 liters of Super 98 on average per 100 kilometers. Consumption may even decrease to 11.3 l/100 km if one endows the Sedan rims and tires of 19 inches, produced by Michelin and ensure low rolling resistance. Count still a good € 170,000 if the animal you are interested!

10
Apr

Supercharging

Bodies supercharger (turbocharger, compressor, compressor pressure waves) to compress air for combustion.This increases the airflow of the engine and, in parallel, the amount of fuel injected to increase the power.Overfeeding can also reduce the engine capacity (downsizing) while emphasizing the fall in consumption relative to a naturally aspirated engine bigger. Unlike compressor-driven or electric turbocharger and compressor pressure waves operate normally lost energy (the pressure of exhaust gases).

Stop-start systems

These systems can automatically cut the engine when the vehicle stops, and restarts it once you press the clutch. A car equipped with such a device embeds a high-capacity battery and an extra battery, capable of powering the starter and strengthened the control electronics. The stop-start function is automatically integrated into hybrid cars, on which the trolling motor provides the restart.

Tank-to-wheel

This analysis relates to the calculation of energy consumption and pollutant emissions when using the vehicle in a defined driving cycle.

Well-to-tank

This analysis presents the energy consumption and emissions (particularly greenhouse gas emissions) over the cycle of fuel delivery, from raw materials (mining-production) to the gun or the gas station charger for electric cars.

Well-to-wheel

This analysis of “well to wheel” captures the energy balance and pollutants emitted from fuel extraction to the production of force transmitted to the wheels of the vehicle. Although such an analysis is primarily based on estimates, it often contradicts conventional wisdom. The electricity generated by coal-fired power plants is not particularly “clean”!

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10
Apr

Honeywell International will open a new production site in Europe that will help maintain its dominant position in the global market for turbochargers face increasing competition, particularly in Europe. The new plant, based in Presov, eastern Slovakia, enter operations in 2012 and will produce turbochargers for light vehicles, primarily for markets in Eastern Europe. More than half the original cost of the project (38 million) will be covered by grants from the Slovak government, said U.S. outfitter, who’s clients include Volkswagen, Ford and Renault.

According to estimates by Roland Berger, global sales of turbochargers will amount to 30.4 million units in 2015, against 15.1 million units in 2010.

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10
Apr

On the Mini Cooper Works Cabrio, a four-cylinder 1.6-liter twin-scroll turbocharger type and direct injection gasoline unleashed enthusiasm. It delivers 211 hp and maximum torque of 260 Nm available between 1850 and 5600 rpm and can even briefly to 280 Nm with overboost function.

The flow of purified air duct supplying the turbocharger has also increased. The architecture of the twin-scroll turbocharger double entry permits into power, especially spontaneous. In the exhaust manifold and turbocharger, the channels are grouped in pairs of cylinders. The compressor blades are set in motion in an optimal way from low revs. A turbine from a material of a particular quality has been developed specifically for the engine models Mini John Cooper Works. In addition, the maximum boost pressure was increased from 0.9 to 1.3 bar.

The turbocharged four-cylinder has a direct injection gasoline as the principle of the common rail.Injectors placed laterally in the cylinder head inject fuel directly into the combustion chamber, by applying an accurately and at a pressure of 120 bars. This ensures accurate fuel delivery based on the instantaneous power demand, regardless of the driving situation. The Mini John Cooper Works Cabrio confines itself to 7.1 liters per 100 km, its CO2 emissions amounted to 169 grams per kilometer.

This block is broken down engine propelling the Mini John Cooper Works CHALLENGE, which in 2008 was his first season at the MINI CHALLENGE. Standing start, the Mini John Cooper Works Cabrio soars in 6.9 seconds and 100 km / h. Driving performance and sporty character of the new model are an exception among the convertibles segment belonging to the Mini.

Aesthetically, the beautiful wheels acquires exclusive 17-inch light alloy look at John Cooper Works Cross Spoke CHALLENGE. With less than 10 kg on the scales, they are particularly light. High-speed tires 205/45 W 17 format have runflat type.

Alongside the presentation of the Mini John Cooper Works Cabrio, Mini introduces new accessories brand John Cooper Works available for the Mini and Mini Clubman. The vast array of post-equipment direct from the competition is enriched with additional instruments that provide exclusive even more detailed information on the state of his car and driving situation the driver present. This may place the choice of indications on the temperature of the cooling water on the engine torque and lateral acceleration in its field of vision.

The Mini John Cooper Works Cabrio will be launched on the market in March 2009. For Germany, the sale price was set at 31,350 euros. Meanwhile, the Mini model range will be complemented by two attractive alternatives for access to the range. The Mini One 55 kW (75 hp) and the Mini Clubman One 70kW (95 hp), the public will discover that also premiered at the Paris Motor Show 2009 Geneva, combine the driving pleasure typical Mini sobriety impressive . Moreover, the new pack equipment Earl Grey will also be available from March 2009 to numerous variants of the Mini and Mini Clubman.

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04
Apr

“Jaguar Focus this year is on meeting the needs of our customers for cars that combine excellent value for money with a driving experience that you can get from a Jaguar. That is why the 2006 range XJ has been significantly upgraded to ensure that each guest will find a model to meet its needs. From the introduction of our famous 2.7-liter V6 turbodiesel engine to a host of other groundbreaking advances for every model, such as acoustic laminated glass and Bluetooth ® wireless connectivity, the new 2006 Jaguar XJ held at the forefront of the premium sedan market. “Bibiana Boerio, Managing Director of Jaguar Cars

The introduction of the 2.7-liter twin-turbo Diesel to the XJ range marks an important step for Jaguar’s flagship model. Following the very successful introduction of diesel engines for the X-TYPE model ranges and S-TYPE, the new XJ 2.7 twin-turbo Diesel means Jaguar now offers a diesel alternative in its range of sedans together to ensure that the brand can meet the growing demand for diesel cars in the European market. And of course the 3.0 V6 and three V8 petrol engines – 3.5, 4.2 and 4.2 liter supercharged – remain as impressive as ever.

The XJ already ranks as the most technically accomplished Jaguar has ever built. It is the first production Jaguar to be constructed with a lightweight aluminum monocoque structure, a unique feature that gives the XJ significant competitive advantages over its rivals. A lighter car means faster acceleration and shorter braking distance and frugal fuel economy and range, especially when combined with the latest diesel fuel. The aluminum monocoque design of the XJ offers improved stiffness and performance of security throughout conventional steel body of the previous model, which means the client benefits not only the weight gain associated with aluminum, but obtains added benefit of exceptional ride and handling as well as being extremely quiet and safe.
Jaguar XJ (2006)

Therefore the addition of the diesel engine 2.7 bi-turbo XJ range complements the underlying set so well. Lightweight aluminum alloy with a modern diesel bi-turbo product dynamic, with precise handling and exceptional refinement. Producing 207PS (152kW) EEC a diesel-powered XJ saloon accelerates to 60 mph in just 7.8 seconds, while a powerful wave of torque (435Nm) is available virtually throughout the powerband to ensure instantaneous acceleration in each report.

Yet the efficient diesel engine and light total weight of the car means low running costs thanks to a figure of average fuel consumption of 35mpg (8.1l/100km) combined cycle. With the addition of a catalyzed diesel particulate filter (CDPF), the advanced design of the V6 engine ensures it exceeds Euro IV emission requirements stage.

A host of intelligent technology works in harmony with the driver and passengers to ensure optimum ride comfort on every trip. For example, electronically controlled air suspension self-leveling is standard on all models.This automatically reduces the car at a speed to provide remarkable high-speed stability and improve aerodynamic efficiency.

Jaguar renowned Computer Active Technology Suspension (CATS) uses computer technology and sensor feedback to automatically adjust damper settings. The result is a unique combination of maneuverability, ride comfort and excellent driver control.

noise intrusion into the cabin is reduced to a remarkably low level with the Integrated acoustic damping. This uses high acoustic absorption on the underside of the lid, seals between the engine compartment and hood structure and a new double-skin bulkhead to dramatically reduce engine noise inside the cabin.

For the first time on all XJ models, acoustic laminated glass further reduces the intrusion of outside noise in the cabin. The 2.7 twin-turbo Diesel XJ also sets an industry first, being the first car in its class to feature electronically controlled active engine mounts, which cancel 90% of engine vibration at idle. The result is a car that offers the refinement of best-in-class.

The 2006 XJ range also features a host of new features that are included as standard on all models. Subtle changes in the exterior trim of the car give it a more contemporary feel while a range of driver aids such as the Tire Pressure Monitoring System, Automatic Speed ​​Limiter and Bluetooth ® wireless connectivity creates an environment more secure and more relaxed .

Jaguar has achieved remarkable success in the JD Power and Associates Initial Quality Study released in May in the United States. Improving the overall second place, Jaguar top of the poll as the highest ranked European nameplate. Jaguar Halewood plant, where the X-TYPE is manufactured, also received the Gold Award from JD Power for the performance of European plants.

“The addition of the excellent new 2.7-liter twin-turbo Diesel to the XJ range reinforces the fact that our 2006 models are not only the most technologically advanced cars Jaguar has ever made, they rank among the best cars produced around the world, “said Joe Greenwell, chairman and CEO of Jaguar Cars. “This is the position Jaguar now holds in the premium car market and the introduction of the new XJ 2.7 twin-turbo Diesel reinforces that stronghold.”

KEY FEATURES
+ The new 2.7-liter V6 bi-turbo diesel for XJ range – the first diesel XJ.
Latest Technology + bi-turbo diesel engine means CommonRail liter 2.7 V6 produces 207PS (152kW) EEC and 435Nm of torque.
+ Equipped with a catalyzed diesel particulate filter (CDPF).
+ Accelerates from 0-60mph in 7.8 seconds with a top speed of 141 mph (225kph), yet returns 35mpg (combined cycle).
+ Electronically controlled active engine mounts on diesel model – an industry first – cancel engine idle vibration by 90 percent and provide first class levels of refinement.

2006 Model Year XJ rooms also benefit from a large number of additional changes:

+ Review subtle grace of the exterior of the XJ deletion finishers screen front and rear and side moldings.
+ Even better refinement for all XJ models with the introduction of acoustic laminated glass, a new secondary partition, isolated driver’s airbag and modifications to the bonnet sealing system.
+ Bluetooth ® wireless system is available in which the securities license, allowing drivers to use a compatible mobile phone in a safe, legal and practical.
+ More powerful braking system to a larger disk and mounting bracket.
+ Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) to highlight the excessive loss of tire pressure of the vehicle.
+ Two new alloy wheels are introduced: The 19-inch Sabre Wheel replaces the 19-inch wheel performance on XJR models. A 18-inch Tucana Wheel replaces the 18-inch dynamic in the United Kingdom, Europe, North America and the wheel luxury of 18 inches in other markets on the XJ6 and XJ8 (dependent on market).
+ Two new exterior colors – Winter Gold and Indigo.

In 2006 MY Jaguar XJ range is as follows: Standard wheelbase models: Long wheelbase models: XJ 2.7 twin-turbo Diesel XJ6 3.0 V6 petrol (Asia-Pacific, China, XJ6 3.0 V6 petrol Middle East) XJ8 3.5 V8 petrol XJ8 3.5 V8 petrol XJ8 4.2 V8 petrol XJ8 4.2 V8 petrol XJR 4.2 supercharged V8 petrol supercharged Super V8 4.2 petrol Super V8 4.2 supercharged petrol IMPROVEMENTS TO ALL 2006 MODEL YEAR JAGUAR XJ

Coinciding with the introduction of the new XJ diesel are a host of additional improvements to 2006 Model Year XJ models. Widely regarded as the show’s finest premium on sale today, significant advances to all new XJ ensure that the car retains that position.

Jaguar is the first manufacturer in the premium vehicle sector to introduce acoustic laminated glass. This glass reduces wind noise and engine noise levels of up to 5 decibels above standard laminated glass. Jaguar is also the first manufacturer to offer a hood liner with integrated side seals which further improve noise levels in the cabin.

Similarly, driver’s airbag is now isolated from the steering wheel, which significantly reduces the level of vibration transmitted to the driver.

In addition to ensuring Jaguar customers own one of the finest cars in the world, the addition of several new technology features on all models (depending on market) guarantees they also own one of the safest. All XJ is equipped with 19 standard and 20-inch wheels and – depending on the market – use Jaguar’s Tyre Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) which assists the driver by highlighting an excessive loss of pressure tires of the vehicle.TPMS measures the pressure in each tire on the safety issues and if any of the pressures deviate to a significant level.

A speed limiter automatic (ASL) feature can be used by the driver to select a maximum speed limit of vehicles. This is a feature that is built into the system during speed control. When the ASL was created, the throttle will respond to the request of the driver until the limit is reached. At this stage, provided that the throttle position is sustained, the vehicle will maintain the set speed. The ASL system can be canceled by switching to cruise control, applying kick-down on the accelerator pedal or by pressing the cancel button. ASL is used separately rather than in collaboration with the Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) system.

Aware that safe and legal mobile phone usage is vital for almost all of our customers, Jaguar introduced Bluetooth ® connectivity to the XJ as an option in model year 2005 (when enabled license) in replacing the previous fixed phone solution.

The system was developed by Jaguar in collaboration with Motorola and is compatible with a number of current Bluetooth ® handsets (depending on market). The main advantage of Bluetooth ® is the integration of flexibility and simplicity it offers, providing primary phone functions while interacting with the vehicle on board controls such as steering wheel, audio system, screen Touch and control JaguarVoice (if any). The phone can be left in the driver’s bag or pocket and need not be anchored in the vehicle.

Calls can be operated using the steering wheel controls and audio or touch-screen keyboards. The audio will be muted and the microphone dedicated carried over from previous systems, switched on. Voice commands can be used when the system is equipped with optional JaguarVoice.

JAGUAR acclaimed 2.7-liter V6 DIESEL – ENGINE WITH ACTIVE MOUNTS

The combination of a modern turbodiesel engine and aluminum body very advanced XJ range offers an outstanding performance, dynamics, refinement and economy. All the advantages of modern diesel engines – energy efficiency, power delivery and impressive car relaxed – are amplified by connecting them to frame a super-strong and lightweight, like the XJ.

Launched in mid-range Jaguar S-TYPE saloon in 2004, Jaguar state of the art twin-turbo V6 Diesel sets new standards in refinement and performance. The highly efficient engine, 24-valve features advanced technologies including the latest generation high pressure CommonRail, fuel system with direct injection and a lightweight, compact graphite iron (CGI) cylinder block.

The strength and durability of CGI means that less material is required than for a conventional cast iron block, ensuring reduced engine weight and length. In fact, the new diesel engine is the lightest unit of its category, only 202 kg. This contributes greatly to the excellent power to weight ratio and fuel economy.

Other features at the heart of the engine to provide the ability to offer high performance and excellent durability. Cooling cast aluminum pistons incorporate ‘double wave gallery. In this process, oil is sprayed precisely onto the inside of the pistons, jets in the block. The oil then flows through two internal channels in wave form to help cool each piston. This arrangement also has the indirect benefit of reducing “slap” piston noise.

Management characteristics of engine noise has focused particularly on injector tick and combustion noise, which is controlled by the use of technology CommonRail next generation, including injection multi- and control point injection closed loop, ensuring that the combustion is smooth under all conditions of operation.

The fuel quantity provided by each injector is controlled by a piezoelectric actuator, which allows high precision fuel metering of up to five injections per cycle. These features allow for extremely fine spray of diesel, which ensures the mixture as homogeneous as possible air-fuel, which causes more complete combustion process. Accordingly, the diesel engine is able to achieve both high power and capacity required emissions.

From the outset, the 2.7 twin turbo diesel engine has been designed to meet future emission levels. However, further progress in reducing emissions since the launch of the S-TYPE diesel twin turbo were made by changes in fuel injection system, using higher injection pressures and different spray patterns injector. The calibration of the electronically controlled turbocharger, the exhaust gas recirculation and deactivation of the port have also been revised. With the addition of a catalyzed diesel particulate filter (CDPF), the advanced design of the V6 engine ensures it exceeds Euro IV emission step requirements.

Help both the performance and emissions is a forced induction system, comprising twin turbochargers with electronic control on the state of the art. Traditionally, turbochargers are vacuum actuated, but this new form of rotary electric actuator gives a degree of control, providing services in the areas of emissions and transient engine performance, as well as in balancing performance and emissions between the two cylinder banks. The turbochargers are a low inertia type for quick delivery and reactive power.

The aluminum alloy heads high quality cylinders have four valves per cylinder and double camshaft. This combination provides optimum induction and exhaust actuation, with resulting benefits in performance and emissions.The design of the cylinder head includes a port deactivation system and pistons with toroidal combustion chambers, producing a highly efficient combustion capability. A low – by diesel standards – Compression ratio 17.3:1 combustion helps improve the quality of programming quieter, and compatibility with the single engine forced induction system. In a diesel engine, reduced compression means less heat buildup in the piston bowl and more efficient fuel burn, resulting in lower levels of pollutants.

Revised secondary bulkhead structure has been introduced into the engine compartment of all XJ models – both diesel and petrol – to reduce noise levels within a maximum of 5 decibels. The result is the most refined vehicle in its class for interior comfort.

The XJ Diesel is also the quietest vehicle in its class for exterior noise, with noise levels measured by the vehicle cerification Agency being 7 decibels (A) less than the legal limit of the EU for diesel vehicles. To achieve this goal, the exterior noise package has been significantly strengthened.

The XJ 2.7-liter twin-turbo diesel is the best in its class for the isolation of engine vibration at idle. This is achieved with active engine mounts, which are introduced on all 2006MY XJ Diesels and are an industry first. The engine mounts were designed and developed in conjunction with Avon Automotive. Diesel engines produce much higher levels of vibration than their petrol equivalents, which explains why the mounts are mounted on the XJ Diesel variants. Active mounts use an electronic control system and a tension mechanism to cancel an additional 90 per cent of the engine vibration at idle.

A system that allows you to cancel more than 90 percent of engine vibration at idle in the car has a huge impact on the vibration levels experienced by vehicle occupants. This technology, together with other noise, vibration and harshness (NVH) improvements, ensure that Jaguar delivers first-class levels of refinement for the XJ Diesel never first.

Significantly lower cost of ownership than RIVALS

During the development of the XJ 2.7 twin-turbo Diesel, Jaguar’s engineering team worked closely with our customer service organization to provide excellent cost of ownership figures. The advantages of a diesel XJ increased mileage interval service standard on petrol models resulting in a saving of approximately 7 percent of routine maintenance costs over five years.

Cons diesel competition – in the form of the Mercedes S320 Cdi – the cost of routine maintenance should be an impressive 27 per cent less for diesel XJ. Similarly, wear and cost index relative to the Audi A8 3.0 TDI and Mercedes S320 CDi are forecast at 25 and 28 percent lower respectively.

“Our new XJ diesel model is fast, refined and economical,” says Bibiana Boerio, Managing Director of Jaguar Cars. “Our customers appreciate the fact that it is a luxury sedan that makes no compromises. We are not asking them to trade performance for refinement or economy for power. This is a true Jaguar XJ, like all other models in the range. “

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04
Apr

The great undersea pipeline trans Medgaz, linking Algeria to Spain, became operational yesterday after its introduction into commercial service. A month ago, the group Sonatrach, made her put gas in Ain Temouchent. The gas will be transported from Beni Saf to reach the terminal Almeria, southern Spain.

This introduction was preceded by a test phase (November 2010-January 2011). The project cost nearly $ 900 million. The subsea pipeline has a length of nearly 1,050 kilometers, half the territory of Algeria. Its depth reaches more than 2,000 m in the Mediterranean. The pipeline has a total capacity of 11.4 billion m3 per year, extendable to 16 billion over the medium term, with the introduction of a second line.

The tube diameter is 0.6 m at a pressure of 40 bars, allowing a propulsion speed of 6 m / second, or more than 21 mph. Sonatrach has a majority in the Medgaz with 36% of the shares.Cepsa and Iberdrola (Spain) hold 20% each, while Endesa (Spain) and GDF Suez (France) have 12% each. This is the third gas pipeline linking Algeria to Europe, after the Transmed and GME, which will add a fourth pipeline, Galsi, still under construction, which should feed into Algerian gas to Italy. Medgaz is a multidisciplinary international project that will supply natural gas to southern Europe. He further secure the energy supply of Europe since the European market will link directly to the source of Algerian gas. It is also the most economical way to transport natural gas to the other shore of the Mediterranean.

The Medgaz is supplied from the Hassi R’Mel GZ4 through the pipeline with a length of 638 km and passes through 5 wilayas (Laghouat, Tiaret, Mascara, Oran and Ain Temouchent). This pipeline supplies, the Medgaz addition, several facilities, including power plants Hadjret Ennous (Tipaza) via a detour to the east, and Terga (Ain Temouchent) and part of the industrial zone of Arzew. He understands his part in Algeria, a compressor station with three turbochargers fitted with turbines manufactured by the British firm Rolls Royce and the part on-shore pipeline. Iberian in its part, the pipeline includes a receiving terminal located near the port of Almeria. Medgaz consortium created to implement the gas pipeline linking Algeria to Spain, was transformed in 2004 in building society. On the eve of the operation of this pipeline, Sonatrach signed Thursday in Algiers, commercial agreements for the supply of natural gas with its Spanish partners (Cepsa, Endesa, Iberdrola) and French GDF Suez, on an annual total of 8 billion m3, which will be transported by the Medgaz.

These agreements for 20 years, are a transcript of the Memoranda of Understanding in 2005 and 2006, prior to the final disposition of investment made in December 2006 for the construction of Medgaz. According to the Minister of Energy and Mines Minister Youcef Yousfi who attended the ceremony of signing of these contracts, these agreements allow Algeria to “strengthen its role as a stable and reliable supplier of natural gas for Europe. “ “Algeria has always been a reliable partner who has never failed to meet its commitments,” said the minister. Mr. Yousfi said that Algeria has always favored the long term in the conclusion of contracts and guarantees safety for its supply partners. The minister stressed the need for Algeria “to further increase its hydrocarbon reserves, including gas, ensuring that the country has huge potential. For its part, the CEO of Sonatrach, Mr. Noreen Cherouat, highlighted the “exceptional nature” of these agreements. “Sonatrach’s position as a direct supplier to the Spanish market for natural gas, through the signing of trade agreement with its subsidiary in Spain, Sonatrach Gas Comercializadora, welcomed Mr. Cherouat. The latter argued that “Before then Algeria exported about 1,000 billion m3 of LNG, mainly to Spain, Italy and France.” The CEO of CEPSA, Mr. De Riberolles, has, meanwhile, posted a good report on the contributions of his group to carry out this project, stating that natural gas “plays a major role in the energy sector” . For its part, the CEO of GDF Suez, Mr. Dauger, noted the “strategic importance” of Medgaz, as for Algeria and for Europe, calling it “solid” partnerships that bind the company Sonatrach.

Other size information: the National Agency for the Development of Hydrocarbon Resources (Alnaft) on Thursday signed two contracts for exploration and exploitation of hydrocarbons in Algeria for a $ 220 million. These contracts were signed with Sonatrach and Spanish Cepsa.The signing of these contracts comes as a result of the granting by Alnaft two exploration acreage in the region Berkin, after the bid opening at the end of a third call for tenders.Sonatrach has awarded the contract to operate the perimeter Rhourde Fares, while Spanish Cepsa won the Rhourde Roun II. Since the enactment of Law 05-07 on hydrocarbons, Algeria has issued 7 blocks for exploration of hydrocarbons. The fourth call for tenders will be launched in late 2011.

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04
Apr

Development of Variable Geometry Turbo, was motivated by the need for a faster response to overfeeding.Large high-flow turbines, although powerful and efficient at a constant speed, are not as reactive and do not offer as much torque at low engine speed as low-flow turbines. To overcome this problem, the TGV regulates the flow of exhaust gas at the inlet of the turbine, thereby adjusting the flow rate to maximize the power of the turbine according to the required load. Otherwise, a small turbocharger will have a very short response time and will be effective in low speeds. By cons, it can not deliver high throughput at high speed. In contrast, a large turbocharger will provide the high throughput at high speed, but will take time to plan. It will have a response time unacceptable (“dead time” between the need of the driver and the arrival of the pressure).

There are two types of variable geometry turbocharger:

SLIDE VANE

On the compressor, the supercharger ratio is proportional to the rotational speed of the turbine. The variation of inlet section of the turbine, produced by a piston sliding, allows to vary the speed of gas turbine attacker. To increase the speed at low revs, it is necessary to offer a small cross section. Gradually, as the speed increases, the piston is translated to provide a larger section.

MULTIVANE

At low speeds, the wings are closed. The exhaust gases in small quantities, are accelerated in the snail of the turbine. Then at high speed, the wings are open. The exhaust gases go directly to the turbine.

NOTE : However, there are at Opel another system that could reduce the response time of turbochargers: THE TWINTURBO.Unlike the conventional system “biturbo” which involves the action of two turbos mounted in parallel to improve the supercharger, this technique is to couple two turbochargers in series. The first compresses the intake air to 3.2 bar at lower speeds than at 1,800 rpm and works alone.Between 1,800 and 3,000 rpm, the second larger turbo comes into operation under the effect of exhaust gas, whose flow is controlled by varying the opening of a shutter electronically controlled according to engine demand . It pre compressed air supply at low pressure, before the small turbo is this air previously cooled by a heat exchanger at a higher boost pressure. Above 3,000 rpm, only the larger turbo compresses air, because these regimes, the flow is greater than the small turbo. The outstanding performance of this system allows the installation of dual-stage turbo out extremely high specific power, without suffering an increase in consumption or emissions.



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04
Apr

After the Panamera diesel and hybrid , Porsche offers a seventh variant of its 4-door coupe.But more than ecological considerations this time it’s sportsmanship prevails.

The turbo 4.4 liter V8 engine have been optimized through turbines titanium and aluminum, and engine management was reviewed. The Panamera Turbo S wins another 50 horsepower from the turbo core “, peaking at 550 hp and 750nm of torque. Thanks to the work done on the turbo and engine, this increase in power consumption does not cause more high, it remains to 11.5 l/100km in mixed use.

This new version beats and records in the segment of cut-sedans with 3.8 seconds to accelerate from 0 to 100 km / h and a top speed of 306 km / h.
To manage this power, the manufacturer has fitted the PDCC, its system of active stabilization of the rolling motion in a curve and a differential vector torque and limited slip.They also have the sport exhaust system, which emphasizes the signature sound of the engine.

Aesthetically, the changes are not obvious, but notice the 20-inch wheels and a special wide rear track and the side skirts and spoiler adaptive. It should show up officially for the first time at the Shanghai Motor Show in mid-April and be available by June, for the tidy sum of € 169,209.

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03
Apr

As previously announced, the commercial operation of Medgaz was actually launched on April 1st. Algeria has happened before yesterday a large gas supply agreement with Spain and France.

In fact, Sonatrach has signed agreements in effect for the supply of gas respectively with the Spanish Cepsa, Endesa, Iberdrola and French GDF Suez on 8 billion m3 per year will be channeled through the new Medgaz. These agreements extend over a period of 20 years, were signed in the presence of the Minister of Energy and Mines Youcef Yousfi.

According to the Algerian energy minister, Youcef Yousfi, these agreements allow Algeria to “strengthen its role as a stable and reliable supplier of natural gas to Europe.” “Algeria has always been a reliable partner who has never failed to meet its commitments,” said the Minister during the signing.

They “bear witness to the deepening economic and political relations between Algeria, Spain and other countries in Europe,” † † t he said. For its part, the CEO of Sonatrach Cherouat Noreen noted the peculiarity of marketing by the company it † even natural gas in the Spanish market.

He also stated that “Algeria has so far exported about 1,000 billion m3 of LNG, mainly to Spain, Italy and France.” He said the pipeline, built in deep water (over 2000 m), was “a technical achievement.”

Trade agreements are a transcript of the Memoranda of Understanding in 2005 and 2006, prior to the final disposition of investments made in December 2006 for the construction of Medgaz. This is the third new pipeline route to export Algerian gas to Europe, after the Transmed pipeline linking Algeria to Italy and Spain in the GME.

PROJECT SCOPE

The Medgaz, carrying Algerian gas to Spain via the Mediterranean is now operational in favor of its commercial operation conducted Friday. This commissioning comes as one month after its gas operated 1 March in Ain Temouchent by Sonatrach after a long process of trial techniques, safety and environmental Curly in November 2010.

With a length of 1,050 km including 550 km on Algerian territory and a deep sea of ​​over 2,000 meters, the pipeline will thus deliver an annual volume of 8 billion cubic meters expandable to 16 billion cubic meters on the medium term.

Directed with an investment of nearly one billion euros, the Medgaz takes his departure from the coastal town of Beni Saf in the wilaya of Ain Temouchent to reach Almeria in southern Spain over a length of 200 km.

It is the third gas pipeline linking Algeria to Europe, after the Transmed and GME, which will add a fourth pipeline, Galsi, still in draft, which should provide the Algerian gas to Italy. This is a multidisciplinary international project that opens the most direct route and most economical for the supply of natural gas in southern Europe.

Medgaz contribute, firstly, to improve security of supply, since it will directly link the European market at the source of Algerian gas, and, secondly, it is the most economical way to bring natural gas to southern Europe. The diameter of the pipe is 24 inches (0.6 meters) at a pressure of 40 bar for a propulsion speed of 6 meters per second, or more than 21 mph.

With such a speed, the first cubic meter of gas reaches the terminal of Almeria (southern Spain) in ten hours. The Medgaz is supplied from the Hassi R’Mel (Laghouat) GZ4 through the pipeline with a length of 638 km and a diameter of 48 inches (1.2 meters) passing through five wilayas (Laghouat, Tiaret, Mascara , Oran and Ain Temouchent).

With a total capacity of 11.4 billion m3 per year, the pipeline supplies, the Medgaz addition, several facilities, including power plants Hadjret Ennous (wilaya of Tipaza) via a detour to the east, and Terga (wilaya Aïn Temouchent) and part of the industrial zone of Arzew. In his Algerian side, the project comprises a compressor station with three turbochargers fitted with turbines and the proportion”of”on-shore pipeline. Iberian in its part, it comprises a receiving terminal located near the port of the Andalusian city of Almeria.

Medgaz consortium, created for the realization of this pipeline, was transformed in 2004 in building society after completing the feasibility studies. The national oil company Sonatrach has a majority in the association with 36% of the shares. Cepsa and Iberdrola (Spain) hold 20% each, while Endesa (Spain) and GDF Suez (France) have 12% each.

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03
Apr

Volkswagen Passat, Berlin, Germany This beautiful building with very significant for most gents who have tested is distinguished by its finish and its powerful engine, economic and above all reliable.
Car rental Agadir stands for you technical feature of this mid-range car.

Number of cylinders: 4
Number of valves per cylinder: 4
Motor position: unknown
Supply: direct injection (gasoline)
Supercharger / type: Turbocharged
Fiscal power: 7 hp
Displacement: 1390 cc
Engine power: 122 hp
At speed: 5000 rpm
Engine torque: 210 Nm
At speed: 1500 rpm
Transmission
Transmission: Front
Box: Mechanical
Nb. Speed: 6
Distribution: Dual overhead cam shaft
Motor position:
Chassis
Steering: unknown
Body: break
Turning diameter: 11.4 m
Front Suspension: Independent
Rear Suspension: torsion axle
Brakes: discs front and rear
Front tire width: 205 mm
Rear tire width: 205 mm
H / s front tire: 55
H / s rear tire: 55
Diameter wheels front: 16 inches
Diameter wheels front: 16 inches
Dimensions
Length: 4774 mm
Width: 1991 mm
Height: 1517 mm
Wheelbase: 2709 mm
Seating: 5
Volume min. trunk: 603 l
Volume max. Safety: 1731 s
Curb Weight: 1504 kg
Performance
Maximum speed: 200 km / h
0/100km/h Acceleration: 10.8 s
Consumption
Urban consumption: 8.9 l / 100 km
Combined fuel consumption: 6.8 l / 100 km
Extra-urban consumption: 5.6 l / 100 km
Tank: 70 l
CO2: 159 g / km E

Other
Type: unknown
Start marketing: 09/15/2005
End marketing:
Km Warranty: unknown
Nationality of the manufacturer: unknown

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